Aluminum base alloy powder product



United States Patent 2,966,735 3 ALUMINUM BASE ALLOY POWDER PRODUCT Raymond J..Towner and John P. Lyle, Jr., New Kensington, Pa, assignors to Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing Filed Mar. 27, 1958, Ser. No. 724,231

'3 Claims. (Cl. 29-182) This invention relates to articles made from aluminum base alloy powders, and it is more particularly concerned with those products resulting from heating and working a compacted-mass of atomized particles of an aluminumtitanium base alloy.

Heretofore, compressed and sintered bodies of oxidecoated aluminum flake powders have been produced which possess unique strength properties at elevated temperatures. The particles of oxide distributed throughout the body appear tov impart the unusual strength at elevated temperatures. The production of the oxide coated flakes is time consuming" and consequently.expensive. It has now been found, contrary to previous belief, that useful articles can be made from certain types of atomized aluminum alloy powders. process involves disintegrating a stream of molten metal with a jet of gas, suchas compressed air,.or by mechanical means. Very finely dividedparticles can be produced by. this process which pass-through a standard Tyler .100 mesh screen.

It is an; object of thisv invention to provide articles having a high strength .atelevated temperatures which.

are made from atomized particles of analuminumxbase alloy containing titanium as the principal added alloy component.

Another object is.to provide such .articles which. do

not require any preliminarythermal treatmentto place them in condition for service at elevated temperatures.

added alloycompon'entand subsequently consolidating and working a mass. of such atomized particles under the influence of heat and pressure. The'resultant. articles have a density closely approximating that ofthe alloy if cast; and in the worked condition they have a tensile strength of not less than 10,000 p.s.i. and a minimum yield strength of 9,000 p.s.i. at 600 F. after a 100-hour exposure. These tensile and yield strength values are to be compared with those of some conventional wrought heat treated aluminumbasealloys that have been recommended for service at elevated temperatures. For example, a wrought aluminum base, alloy nominally composed 'of aluminum, 12.2% silicon, 1.1% magnesium, 0.9%..nickel and 0.9% copper in the solution heat-treated and agehardened condition has a tensile strength of only 5,000 p.s.i. and a yield strength of 3,000 p.s.i. after an exposure of 100 hours at 600 F. Under the same exposure conditions, a second well-known aluminum base alloy nominally consisting of aluminum, 4.5% copper, 1.5% magnesium and 0.6% manganese, when worked, solution heat treated and age hardened, has a tensile strength of 10,000 p.s.i. and a yield strength of 7,500 p.s.i. The aluminum-titani- As is well known, theatomizationof a'compressed gas.

2,966,735 Patented Jan. 3, 1961 i worked product can be cold worked to a limited extent, if

desired; The fabricated alloy product can be placed in service withoutany preliminary thermal treatment. The strength of the wrought powder products at elevated temperatures is not influenced to any significant extent by the oxide film which coats the atomized particles.

The atomized alloy particles are preferably prepared by melting the alloy in the desired composition and projecting it through a suitably designed nozzle with the aid The atomizing condition should be so adjusted that none or only a small proportion of the particles are larger than mesh microns opening) and that the majority of the particles pass through a 200 mesh screen (74 microns opening). Articles produced in this manner generally have an irregular shape but for the most part are substantially equiaxed in dimensions and have an as-cast structure. The aluminum-titanium constituent in the alloy is very finely divided as the result of the drastic chill associated with the atomization process. The surface of the paliticles are, of course, oxidized if the atomization has occurred in air or in some other oxidizing atmosphere, however, the oxide skin is very thin and the amount of oxide introduced into the final product is too small to aifect the properties thereof to any significant extent- The titanium content of the alloy should be between cient ductility and may fracture under applied stresses.

Titanium is substantially insoluble inaluminum and whatever small proportion may be dissolved is too small to'have any significant effect upon the properties ofthe atomized particles. It will, therefore, be appreciated that the matrix of the atomized particles consists of aluminum with a dispersion of finely divided aluminum-titanium constituent distributed throughout the particle. The high strength at elevated temperatures appears to be controlled by the amount of the aluminum-titanium constituent and the fineness of the dispersion.

The alloy may contain the usual impurities associated with aluminum, for example, silicon and iron. Gen erally, the silicon impurities should not exceed 1%" and the iron content should not be more than about 1%. Other impurities, such as copper, may also be present in amount up to 1%. In view of the relatively small amount of iron impurity permitted in the alloy, the composition is referred to herein asbeing substantially ironfree.

For some purposes, it may be desirable to add one or more of the elements selected from'the group composed of manganese, nickel, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, zirconium, molybdenum and tungsten in amounts of '0.1 to 10% by weight of each, the'tot'al not exceeding '10%.' These elements act 'as'hardeners -and, like titanium are substantially insoluble in-the aluminum matrix; To ob tain the properties attributable to the aluminum-titanium constituents, the titanium content in the alloy should exceed the total amount of any added hardener elements.

To make the wrought article from atomized powder, the powder may be initially formed into a compact that is subsequently worked or it may be charged directly to a compression chamber, such as an extrusion press cylinder, and be extruded therefrom after initial consolidation of the mass. The initial compact may be made by heating the powder to a temperature between 700 and 900 F and applying a sufficient pressure thereto for a long enough period of time to cause at least some consolidation on the welding of the atomized particles. Pressures of 200 to 150,000 p.s.i. are satisfactory which are applied at 600 F. after a 100-hour exposure at that temperature. The composition of the alloys and the tensile strength at both room temperature and 600 F. are given in Table 1 below:

for varying periods of time from a minute or less to a few hours. Generally, a longer time is required where low pressures are employed. The compact may be left in the press cylinder and then extruded, or it may be ejected, cooled, scalped, reheated to the hot working temperature and hot worked. In some cases it may be desirable to reheat the compact to temperatures as high as 1150 F. for hot working or to obtain adequate workability. This should only be done if more than 3% titanium is present.

Where the powder is charged to a compression chamber, it may be initially heated to a temperature between 700 and 900 F. and introduced to the chamber or it may be charged cold and heated within the chamber. Alternatively, it may be heated to an intermediate temperature and brought to the desired temperature in the compression chamber. Where the powder is charged to a press cylinder, compacted and immediately extruded, it is generally convenient to compress the powder mass against a blind die and then substitute a die with the desired orifice therein. Although reference has been made to the extrusion of the powder mass, it is to be understood that it can be subjected to other types of hot working operations, such as rolling, forging or pressing, providing a suitable compact is initially produced. The hot working is preferably performed within the temperature range of 700 to 900 F.

Our invention is illustrated by the following examples wherein aluminum-titanium atomized powders were consolidated and the product hot worked. The powders were of a fineness such that approximately 70% passed through a 200 mesh screen and substantially all of the remainder passed through a 100 mesh screen. Each powder was charged to an extrusion press cylinder, preheated to 800 F. and compressed against the blind die under a pressure of 100,000 p.s.i. for a period of approximately one minute. In the course of charging and compressing the powder, the temperature of the compact reached 700 to 800 F. After the compact was thus formed, it was ejected from the cylinder, cooled, scalped and reheated for hot working. These compacts were reheated to 850 F., except for the 1.6% Ti alloy which was reheated to 800 F., inserted in an extrusion press cylinder heated to 800 F. and extruded to /4" diameter rod. Tensile specimens were cut from the extruded rod and tested without any preliminary thermal treatment, some at room temperature and others It is apparent from the foregoing that the tensile and yield strengths of the alloys increase with an increase in the titanium content. The tensile properties obtained at 600 F. are considerably higher than those of the two commercial aluminum base alloys referred to hereinabove. It is also significant that the high strengths at 600 F. were obtained without any preliminary thermal treatment of the worked powder product, such as solution heat treatment, which is a definite economic advantage.

Having thus described our invention and certain embodiments thereof, we claim:

1. A hot worked aluminum base powder article free from aluminum oxide except as an incidental impurity and having a maximum iron content of 1%, said hot worked powder article being formed from atomized powder of aluminum base alloy containing at least by weight of aluminum and from 1.0 to 15% by weight of titanium as the essential component, the amount of said component exceeding the total quantity of any hardening elements present in the alloy, said alloy being substantially free from elements which form a solid solution with aluminum, except as they occur as impurities, said hot worked article being characterized in the as-worked condition by a tensile strength at 600 F. after a hour exposure of not less than 10,000 p.s.i., the yield strength not less than 9,000 p.s.i.

2. A hot worked aluminum base alloy powder article according to claim 1 wherein the titanium content is 5 to 10% by weight.

3. A hot worked aluminum base alloy powder article according to claim 1 wherein the alloy also contains at least one hardening element selected from the group consisting of manganese, nickel, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, zirconium, molybdenum and tungsten in amounts of 0.1 to 10% each, the total not exceeding 10% by weight, the titanium content of said alloy exceeding the total amount of hardening elements added thereto.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,062,329 Nock Dec. 1, 1936 2,188,203 Mansfield Jan. 23, 1940 2,287,251 Jones Jan. 23, 1942 2,809,891 Ennor Oct. 15, 1957 

1. A HOT WORKED ALUMINUM BASE POWDER ARTICLE FREE FROM ALUMINUM OXIDE EXCEPT AS AN INCIDENTAL IMPURITY AND HAVING A MAXIMUM IRON CONTENT OF 1%, SAID HOT WORKED POWDER ARTICLE BEING FORMED FROM ATOMIZED POWDER OF ALUMINUM BASE ALLOY CONTAINING AT LEAST 70% BY WEIGHT OF ALUMINUM AND FROM 1.0 TO 15% BY WEIGHT OF TITANIUM AS THE ESSENTIAL COMPONENT, THE AMOUNT OF SAID COMPONENT EXCEEDING THE TOTAL QUANTITY OF ANY HARDENING ELEMENTS PRESENT IN THE ALLOY, SAID ALLOY BEING SUBSTANTIALLY FREE FROM ELEMENTS WHICH FORM A SOLID SOLUTION WITH ALUMINUM, EXCEPT AS THEY OCCUR AS IMPURITIES, SAID HOT WORKED ARTICLE BEING CHARACTERIZED IN THE AS-WORKED CONDITION BY A TENSILE STRENGTH AT 600*F. AFTER A 100 HOUR EXPOSURE OF NOT LESS THAN 10,000 P.S.I, THE YIELD STRENGTH NOT LESS THAN 9,000 P.S.I. 